CALR and neonatal lupus erythematosus: To summarize, the risk factors for developing CHB are: positive anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB mothers, high titers of anti-Ro, a previous baby with CHB, cutaneous neonatal lupus in a sibling, lack of prophylactic treatment with hydroxychloroquine, predisposing fetal genes (e.g., SNPs within the HLA region [105], TGF-beta polymorphisms [25,45], IFN-stimulated genes [106].