Based on qPCR results (Figure 2a), the genes APCDD1L, CDH6, COL10A1, IBSP, KRT14, PLEKHS1, PRSS35, and TDO2 were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in both AS and AI valves compared to NC valves (p < 0.05). The gene discussed is COL10A1; the disease is aortic stenosis.