Based on qPCR results (Figure 2a), the genes APCDD1L, CDH6, COL10A1, IBSP, KRT14, PLEKHS1, PRSS35, and TDO2 were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in both AS and AI valves compared to NC valves (p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene APCDD1L and aortic stenosis.