Moreover, the proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and INF-γ, were up-regulated in the brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of PD patients (8), that collectively represent characteristic system-wide or CNS-specific chronic inflammatory changes often seen in PD patients. Here, IL1B is linked to Parkinson disease.