The National Institute of Health Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group (TrialNet) performed a three-arm randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial (low-dose ATG/GCSF, low-dose ATG, and placebo) to compare the power of low-dose ATG/GCSF and low-dose ATG alone in preserving beta cell mass (80). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.