CCL4 and gout: Moreover, we also observed that Simiao decoction reduced XOD activity, serum proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-9, IFN-γ, MIP-1α and MIP-1β), gut inflammation (NLRP3 inflammasomes), apoptosis (TNF-α, Caspase 8 and AIFM1), and lipid metabolism (APOB, LPL, and PPARα), and inhibited pathogenic gut bacteria (Klebsiella, Blautia, Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus) in the murine model with gouty arthritis (Figure 7).