Supporting an even broader role of SUMO isoforms in response to stress, polymorphism in the SUMO4 gene was linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus and increased SUMOylation by SUMO4 was detected in pre-eclamptic placentas (Bohren et al., 2004; Baczyk et al., 2017). Here, SUMO4 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.