TGFB1 and cancer: By the immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in a cohort of 248 cases with breast cancer, it was shown the positive rates of nuclear TIF1γ and cytoplasmic TGFβ1 in cancer tissues reached up to 35.9% and 30.4%, respectively; additionally, the high expressions of both TIF1γ and TGFβ1 were closely related to the poor prognosis of the patients, including distant metastasis and recurrence 14 .