Of note, a rise in ptDNA was strongly associated with radiological progression or any PSA rise, but not with PSA or radiological flares, indicating potential added value.16,17 Future prostate cancer studies utilising more frequent plasma sampling should enable the identification of any lead time benefit of ptDNA assessment for progression, as has been observed in other cancers.18,19. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.