TGFβRII-negative CAFs in primary PCa secrete cytokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL16 (Figure 3B) which may promote disseminated PCa cell adhesion to bone collagen-I fibers, leading to the development of mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic lesions [172]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and posterior cortical atrophy.