The ability of the gut to modulate the host metabolism and inflammatory response and its contribution to obesity-related complications, including NAFLD and CKD, has been increasingly recognized [134,135], and various gut-oriented approaches to treat NASH and CKD are under evaluation, including the modulation of gut microbiota and of gut-derived peptide incretins and fibroblast growth factor 19. The gene discussed is FGF19; the disease is chronic kidney disease.