AKT1 and neoplasm: Activating K-RAS mutations are known to result in the upregulation of signaling pathways involved in tumor cell growth and survival, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways (Affolter et al., 2013; Okudela et al., 2004; Ding et al., 2008).