VEGFA and melanoma: EC significantly prevents transcription and translation of growth factors (EFG, VEGF, TGF-β).35 In a study by Kwon et al in 2010 on human melanoma cells and mouse melanoma, it was shown that cinnamon extract down-regulated activator protein 1(AP1) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-KB) levels and also increased apoptosis rate in various cancer cells such as lymphoma, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer.