GSTM1 and anemia: Anaemia—defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a blood Hb concentration of <12 g/dL for nonpregnant adult women and <13 g/dL for adult men [3]—is characterised by insufficient red blood cells and therefore haemoglobin (Hb), and common signs/symptoms include a pale appearance, fatigue, and dyspnoea (breathlessness).