In another in vitro study, carboplatin alone in melanoma cells did not show any effect on XIAP and other components of the apoptotic cascade, but after pre-treatment of 10 μg/mL Pxd for 2 hours and removal of Pxd was followed by carboplatin administration for 24 hours, Caspase 2 and Bid activation and XIAP degradation were observed and a significant increase in caspase-3 activity was reported (Kluger et al., 2007[22]). The gene discussed is CASP2; the disease is melanoma.