BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: These elevated HRs were similar to the corresponding ORs for association between the PRS and ER-negative (OR = 1.47) and ER-positive (OR = 1.74) breast cancer reported in the general population.12 The vast majority of individuals in the general population would be expected to be noncarriers with intact BRCA1/2 protein expression in at-risk tissues, so this observation suggests that some SNPs in the PRS may exert their effect on proteins that interact with stable wildtype or mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 protein.