Previous studies had shown that the urinary biomarkers tested in this study were related to renal AKI [i.e. acute tubular necrosis (ATN)] [GM2AP49, TCP1-eta50, NGAL6,51–53, FABP153, NAG54,55, t-gelsolin56 and REG3A56]. This evidence concerns the gene TCP1 and acute kidney tubular necrosis.