Focusing on persistent inflammation as a driver for the development of CVD risk, these cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis [36], suggesting that in JIA adults under remission phase still could persist subclinical markers of CVD risk which should be monitored. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.