CNDP1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In transgenic diabetic mice overexpressing human CN1 (db/db) [23], in BTBR ob/ob mice [24], in nephrectomized rats and in BALB/cA mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes type-1 [40,41] blood glucose and HbA1c concentrations were reduced by carnosine supply.