With respect to involvement of HMGB1 in reprograming B cells, immunohistochemical and transcriptomic molecular analyses of biopsy specimens from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a type of malignancy that expresses both HMGB1 and galectin, revealed infiltration of the TME by an unusual type of naïve B lymphocyte [109]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.