Malignancies in which HMGB1 has been reported to play a prominent role in disease pathogenesis, albeit often involving variable mechanisms operating at different stages of tumorigenesis, include non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [99], metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [100,101], metastatic breast cancer [21,102], epithelial ovarian cancer [103], hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [104,105], colorectal cancer [106,107], metastatic melanoma [108], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [109], malignant mesothelioma [110] and glioblastoma [111]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.