When combined, metformin and probiotics (in the CRC + MP and DCRC + MP groups) were the most effective in bringing ki-67 count close to that of the normal controls (#p < 0.05, * p < 0.05, respectively), indicating that this combination was most likely able to suppress tumor cell proliferation in the AOM/DSS-induced CRC model (Figure 8). This evidence concerns the gene PIGP and colorectal carcinoma.