It promotes the transcription of specific genes involved in the production of cancer proteins.83,84 In particular, the adenomatous polyposis coli and β-catenin were suggested to be the key genes involved in CRC development.85 Therefore, β-catenin has been suggested as a therapeutic target for suppressing cancer cell proliferation.86 In this study, AOM/DSS treatment increased β-catenin and NF-κB but reduced IκBα. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infectious otitis media.