SIPA1 and cancer: All of these SNPs are located within three genes: signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (SIPA1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) and adenylate cyclase 7 (ADCY7) (Supplementary Table 6); genes that have been repeatedly demonstrated to be associated with tumour growth and cancer prognoses for numerous cancer types (Park et al. 2005; Crawford et al. 2006; Minato and Hattori 2009; Hsieh et al. 2009; Brooks et al. 2010; Yang et al. 2015; Li et al. 2015a, b; Kimura et al. 2016).