HSPA1A and infection: JEV infection requires Hsp70s in particular stages of its life cycle for survival and establishment of infection, including viral entry, replication,194 and maturation.195 Cell-surface Hsp70 directly interacts with JEV envelope protein.192 Antibodies against Hsp70 or 90 significantly block virus entry.111 It is also observed that Hsp70 colocalizes and directly interacts with JEV replicase complex.