HSPB1 and Epstein-Barr virus infection: When EBV-positive cells are treated with PI3K inhibitors, the phosphorylated Hsp27 level is decreased, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Hsp27 is upregulated through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway upon EBV infection.386 However, studies also show that Hsp27 can both positively and negatively regulate the virus replication depending on the virus/cell types.