Significant reduction in tumor volume and weight, decreased Bcl-2 and VEGF expression, elevated Bax and cleaved caspase3 expression, as well as declined CD31 were found in nude mice injected with M2 macrophage-derived EVs + miR-130b-3p knockdown or oe-GRHL2 (Fig. 8b-f). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.