In this study, MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism was significantly associated with a decreased risk of cancer in all genetic models except for homozygous GG vs. AA and recessive model AG + GG vs. AA (G vs. A: OR = 0.507, 95% CI: 0.322–0.799, p = 0.003; AG vs. AA: OR = 4.296, 95% CI: 1.190–15.517, p = 0.026; AG + AA vs. GG: OR = 3.726, 95%CI: 2.033–6.830, p = 0.0001; AA+GG vs. AG: (OR = 0.223, 95% CI: 0.120–0.413, p = 0.0001)). This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and cancer.