IL18 and chronic kidney disease: Anakinra, recombinant IL-1Ra, is effective in gout flares in patients with advanced CKD; canakinumab, an anti-IL-1β antibody, results in a significant reduction in the rate of major cardiovascular events in patients with CKD; belnacasan, a selective caspase-1 inhibitor, reduces fibrosis formation in UUO mice; MCC950, a specific NLRP3 inflammasome blocker, has been shown to reduce both IL-1β and IL-18 production and fibrosis in crystal-induced nephropathy mice [89].