CD47 and neoplasm: Caspase-independent ICD has been observed in studies with other treatments, for instance, the CD47-agonist peptide PKHB1-induced caspase-independent and Ca2+-dependent cell death, pursing an immunogenic mechanism of cell death in leukemic cells [28, 29]; in addition, Giampazolias et al. demonstrated that in contrast to apoptosis, cells undergoing caspase-independent cell death generated a pro-inflammatory and immunogenic anti-tumour response through the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) [30].