PIK3CA and colorectal cancer: For example, in colorectal cancer (CRC), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations upregulate mitochondrial GPT2 to reprogram glutamine metabolism, which facilitates the rapid proliferation of CRC cells by converting more glutamine to a-ketoglutarate to replenish the TCA cycle and produce ATP [17].