Today, it is admitted that OS and ROS are involved in the pathogenesis of impaired insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance development, and endothelial dysfunction in both T1DM and T2DM [15,16,17] and are deeply altered by oxidation DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid molecules which can be used as possible markers for disease progression [16]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.