Once the pre-cancerous lesion is progressing to the malignancy, p53 is able to drive cancer cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression of multiple apoptotic genes, such as PUMA, BAX, NOXA, and APAF1, in response to different anti-cancer treatments that elicit DNA damage or ribosomal stress [6,7,8,9]. Here, APAF1 is linked to cancer.