In actively proliferating melanoma cells, nuclear β-catenin/LEF1 triggers the expression of MITF that in turn activates transcription of several genes, including genes encoding cell cycle regulators p16, p21 and cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2, pigmentation-related proteins such tyrosinase, dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and Melan-A and pro-survival factors e.g., BCL2 and BCL2A1 [42,118,121]. The gene discussed is DCT; the disease is melanoma.