A recent study indicated that, although no specific difference was detected between the PDL1 amounts in pancreatic cancer patients and in compared patients with chronic pancreatitis and benign serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, PDL1-positive pancreatic cancer patients had a significantly shorter postoperative survival time, suggesting the usefulness of PDL1 as a marker of prognosis [61]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.