Analysis of LCN2 concentrations obtained from the validation cohort demonstrated that LCN2 could accurately discriminate BM from other CNS infections, with AUROC ranging from 0.9 (for BM vs. TBM, LCN2 concentration cutoff of 365 ng/mL) to 0.99 (BM vs. other CNS infections (i.e. non-encephalitis or non-TBM), LCN2 concentration cutoff: 134 ng/mL) and a diagnostic odd ratio of 44.8 or above (Fig. 3(B)). The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is viral encephalitis.