In IRF7-/- mice, the peak of infection (7 dpi) was associated with increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation in the epithelium, increased IL-33 levels in the airway lumen, and the infiltration of neutrophils, which can process IL-33 to a more biologically active form [39]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is infection.