Importantly, NPC patients (n = 159) presented higher plasma INSL5 concentration (median, 2.50 ng/ml, quartile, 1.47–3.52) than the VCA‐IgA‐positive (n = 54, median, 0.66 ng/ml; quartile, 0.31–1.26) or VCA‐negative (n = 44, median, 0.49 ng/ml; quartile, 0.33–0.91) control groups (Fig 1C) in the training cohort. The gene discussed is INSL5; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.