Furthermore, autoimmune diseases pathophysiology such as multiple sclerosis, tuberculoid leprosy, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are associated with CD26/DPP-IV activity [73]. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.