MMP9 and neoplasm: Another specific CSF-1R inhibitor, GW2580, in combination with an anti-VEGFR-2 antibody, synergistically inhibited tumor angiogenesis in lung cancer and melanoma in vivo models; blocking CSF-R1 led to reduced tumor recruitment of TAMs and reverted a TAM-mediated compensatory antiangiogenic mechanism involving MMP-9 (53).