Moreover, a phase II clinical trial using carlumab (anti-CCL2 mAb) in individuals with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NCT00992186; clinicaltrials.gov) supports that the withdrawal of anti-CCL2 treatment may lead to a rebound of CCL2 levels; in the participants of this study there was an upregulation of the CCL2 serum levels that exceeded those before treatment (154). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and prostate cancer.