TNF and Parkinson disease: Moreover, the decoction in high dosage significantly inhibited the expression of p-JNK, cleaved caspase-3, and NF-κB in the midbrain of PD mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.05,  and P < 0.01), upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), and decreased the content of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-κB, and IL-1β in the serum (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001,  and P < 0.001).