So far, mainly monocytes were used to study aberrant cytokine secretion in cells derived from FMF patients: long-term stimulation with LPS for 18 h—a condition which induces canonical (caspase-1-dependent) as well as non-canonical (caspase-4/5- and caspase-8-dependent) inflammasomes (24, 25) induced a strong IL-1β production in monocytes derived from FMF patients (10). Here, CASP4 is linked to familial Mediterranean fever.