KRAS and pancreatic neoplasm: Figure 2D shows that gemcitabine induced RFP-LC3 redistribution to autophagosomes was significantly reduced when VMP1 expression was down-regulated in both cell lines. Figure 2E shows downregulation of VMP1 by shVMP1 expression in PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cell lines. Therefore, gemcitabine requires VMP1 expression to induce autophagy in pancreatic tumor cells harboring a KRAS activating mutation.