FBXO32 and neoplasm: Our studies have shown that tumor-derived Activin A acts on the muscle to upregulate the expression of Twist1, which in turn induces the synthesis of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and Atrogin1, thereby causing muscle cachexia by facilitating muscle protein degradation (Figure 1; Parajuli et al., 2018).