KLK6 participates in astrogliosis by activating PAR-1 in astrocytes (Scarisbrick et al., 2012b), and an elevated PAR-2 expression has been described in neurons of HIV-1 patients associated to dementia, and its activation seems to prevent neuronal cell death (Noorbakhsh et al., 2005). The gene discussed is KLK6; the disease is dementia.