LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Drp1 hyperactivation has been demonstrated to protect DA neurons in an MPTP-induced PD mouse model, and in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) cells derived from patients carrying either the LRRK2 G2019S or the α-synuclein (α-syn) mutant (Su and Qi, 2013; Rappold et al., 2014; Filichia et al., 2016; Bido et al., 2017; Seshadri and Alladi, 2019; Geng et al., 2019; Park et al., 2019), by improving both mitochondrial morphology and autophagic flux.