It has been reported that TUSC3 accelerates cancer proliferation and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating claudin-1 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells [27]; Besides, TUSC3 plays an oncogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer and participates in hedgehog signaling pathway [29]; TUSC3 also regulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via SOX2/miR-181a-5p, miR-30e-5p/TUSC3 axis [30]. This evidence concerns the gene CLDN1 and cancer.