TP53 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, the authors found that increased T2DM duration was associated with a consistent increase in the DNA methylation fraction of certain tumour suppressor genes, including tumour protein p53 (TP53) and breast cancer 1 DNA repair associated (BRCA1), along with the oxidative stress protection genes scavenger receptor class A member 3 (SCARA3) and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2).