AKT1 and melanoma: Importantly, both species show involvement of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways in mucosal melanoma formation and progression [111, 130, 131], with constitutive pathway activation and similar sensitivity to AZD6244 and rapamycin in human melanoma and canine oral melanoma cell lines [132], suggesting that canine oral melanoma could be a good model for human mucosal melanoma.