More recently, neuroinflammation and microglial Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) system8 have been argued to act as a shared archetypal mechanism in the pathogenesis of AD, depression9–11 and several other psychiatric disorders12–14 with which OSA appears to share a complex bidirectional link4,15. Here, TLR2 is linked to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.