Such disease-specific gene expression patterns were exemplified at single cell resolution by GBP1 (IFN-γ-mediated signaling pathway) being specifically up-regulated in influenza, CREM (positive regulation of transcription) being specifically up-regulated in COVID-19, and CCL3 (inflammatory response) being commonly up-regulated (Fig. 2C and Table S7). Here, CCL3 is linked to influenza.