Among all PLHIV aged ≥ 5 years, AHD is defined as having either a CD4 cell count < 200 cells/μL or a World Health Organization (WHO) HIV clinical stage 3 or 4 condition at presentation for care; all children living with HIV aged < 5 years are categorized as having AHD [4, 8]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4a.