We hypothesized that consumption of greater than or equal to 1.0 g/kg bw dietary protein would be associated with the following: (a) improved indices of glucose control, for example, insulin resistance and insulin secretion; (b) lower fat mass (FM), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip (WC/HC) ratio; and (c) higher lean mass (LM) in overweight and obese adults with prediabetes and T2D. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.